Periodontology

Periodontology is the speciality that focuses on healing and preserving the periodontum, that is, the supporting tissues of teeth that surround them and keep them sticked to the bone tissue – gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone.

• Gingivitis: bacterial plaque and tartar accumulation on teeth due to poor oral hygiene causes inflammation of the gingiva (gingivitis), whose symptoms are swollen and bright red gums. Another clear symptom is bleeding after brushing. In this case it is better to address to a dentist to find out the causes and undergo specific therapy.
• Periodontitis: if plaque and tartar are not removed, inflammation worsens causing periodontitis (or pyorrhea). Symptoms are deep pockets between the teeth and the gums, bleeding, loss of bone, gingival recession. As a consequence the teeth may loosen and eventually fall out.
• Chronic Periodontitis: in its most aggressive form, where pockets are deeper, surgery is needed and gingiva are cut (periodontal surgery). Gingival recession and loss of bone can be treated by grafting gingival tissue taken from the palate through regeneration techniques, using biomaterials, biomimetic proteins, growth factors and membranes.

Risk factors that mostly increase the occurrence of periodontitis are poor oral hygiene, smoking and family history.

It is possible to prevent periodontal diseases and avoid teeth extraction by removing bacterial plaque and tartar with regular professional teeth cleaning.

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